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obligate nasal breathing
Obligate nasal breathing describes a physiological necessity to breathe through the nose (or other forms of external nares, depending on the species) as opposed to the mouth. The term may be misleading, as it implies that the animal has no choice but to breathe through its nose; however, it is commonly used to describe cases where effective breathing through the mouth is possible but not preferred. Alternatively, the term has been defined by some as the ability to breathe through the nose while swallowing.〔(SIDS and Otitis media – an anatomical perspective ), Presented by: Brian Palmer, D.D.S., December 2001.〕 While this ability is a common trait of obligate nasal breathers, clearly this definition does not require that nasal breathing in any way be obligatory to the animal. Even in obligate nasal breathers such as horses, rabbits, and rodents, there is a potentially patent path for air to travel from the mouth to the lungs which can be used for endotracheal intubation. It has been suggested that obligate nasal breathing is an adaptation especially useful in prey species, as it allows an animal to feed while preserving their ability to detect predators by scent.
==Humans==
Human infants are commonly described as obligate nasal breathers as they prefer breathing through their nose rather than mouth.〔 Most infants, however, are able to breathe through their mouth if their nose is blocked.〔 There are however certain infants with conditions such as choanal atresia in which deaths have resulted from nasal obstruction.〔 In these cases there are cyclical periods of cyanosis. The infant initially attempts to breathe through the nose, and is unable to; hypercapnia occurs, and many babies instinctively begin to cry. While crying, oral ventilation occurs and cyanosis subsides. There is variation in the length of time until a baby begins oral breathing, and some will never cease attempts at nasal breathing. It has also been suggested that infants may not be able to sustain oral breathing for significant lengths of time, because of the weakness of the muscles required to seal the nasal airway and open the oral airway.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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